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[Laughter]
[Music]
[Laughter]
as usual you can raise questions to the
upcoming talk um
using irc twitter masterjohn um with the
hashtag for the um remote grand rule
stage that's
our free ass
um
and then those will find its way to the
q a sessions
and also if you have the time please
consider to help of writing some
subtitles for the talks
those would
that would help a lot actually
all right
our next talk is automatic dependent
surveillance broadcast um automatic
identification system
open data is in the air
our speakers are skymaster he's a
fan of network technologies and a ham
radio enthusiast
and um the other speaker is jj x a
network administrator he loves trains
planes ships and especially high
antennas on
building roofs
with that um one last remark it is
perfectly normal if you only see the
slides enjoy the talk
welcome to our talk adsb and ais open
data is in the air
who are we
i'm skymaker
and i'm jjx
we are part of the local hacker space
cars consulting which is located in
isalon in the western part of germany
our space consists of about 25 members
at the moment and outside of kovit we
meet up in our space in the city center
for the last seven years we are
tinkering around with a lot of projects
we build mesh networks with fryphone
contribute to openstreetmap and have
lots of arduinos esps and raspies while
to colourful blinking leds
in the last two years we shifted our
activities to the online world due to
which some of our projects in our space
came to an old but others gained much
more traction than before
like the one we are going to show you
today
if you like you can stop by our virtual
space in the work adventure world and
say hello to us
talking of congress we have attended the
last real life congresses in leipzig and
hamburg so maybe you have already seen
us and our project
yes the congress is the most important
event for our space we are really stoked
about giving our first talk this year
one of our projects is as mentioned
before fry funk with fryfong we provide
open free wireless network connectivity
for 13 cities in our area
besides the usual installations in the
city center we provide internet to
multiple hundred refugees often with a
support of the officials and sometimes
without
we use our gear to build networks for
local events and festivals
when we have time to spare we like to
experiment and push the envelope of what
we can achieve with our gear knowledge
for example
we walk with a backpack full of gear
onto hilltops and try to make long
distance connections to the mesh we call
this hobby frivolon
on one occasion we were able to set up a
16.9 kilometer link with about 150 euros
worth of gear
but what else can you do
as we are already on the roof where we
have network connectivity power and
mounting points we started looking for
other fun projects to do
one thing we experimented with are
fryphone connected webcams from cheap
security cameras from china to raspy
camps and even real digital cameras we
tried multiple options and delivered
live feeds and time lapse videos via the
mesh
weather sensors are another topic we
explored for example the open source
error project from stuttgart's ok lab or
the project on one of our annual summer
camps
with the error we measure temperature
humidity and particles with an esp and
send the data to open sense map which is
another openstreetmap-based project
radio is another activity that comes to
mind when thinking about radio waves and
antennas
quite a few of our space members are
actually licensed hem radio operators so
it comes quite natural to incorporate
hem radio and sdr into our hobby
we are using open source software like
wsjtx
openwebrx gqrx and many more to listen
to the different analog and digital
modes
building antennas and optimizing the
setup is a big part of the fun
as you can see there is a lot one can do
to keep you entertained for a while
but clearly we can't get enough and are
always looking for the next interesting
piece of technology to explore
adsb is one of the things we found and
took a closer look at
so what does adsb
in short adsb is a standard radio
protocol which is used to track
aircrafts
the automatic means there's no input
needed from the flight queue
it just works
the dependent means it requires data
from the flight navigation systems so
it is dependent on that data of course
adsb transmits on 1090 megahertz
um like the old secondary radar which is
still used that's the thing with the
transponder if you've heard about that
there are two different different kinds
of adsb
adsb in is mostly used in the us there
it works on
978 megahertz but it's roughly the same
protocol and that provides weather data
and traffic information for the
aircrafts
adsb out is mandatory in the us since
2020 and europe since 2016. so every
commercial aircraft flying to or from
there should send adsb reports
that sounds interesting but how do you
get the data
of course there's software to decode
adsb messages
it's called dum 1090 and luckily it's
open source
it has about 900 forks on github but the
most known forks are the ones of
immutability and flight aware
fun fact mutability works for
flightaware a commercial flight data
service for quite some time now so he
maintains the flightaware fork
it supports the raw serial messages over
udp
but it also generates formatted json
files with these json files it feeds a
nice map
so this is the web interface of dum
1090.
you see the aircrats above you like you
would expect
and aircrafts which you received a
position from are highlighted green in
the table on the right side
above the table you see the received
data of the aircraft like altitude and
speed but also
when the last message was received
so here's the next acronym
we've talked about aircrafts similarly
to adsb for planes we can use ais to
track ships
ais stands for automatic identification
system
its purpose is collision avoidance and
for commercial ships it's mandatory even
though you should have it on your
pleasure craft so big ships can see you
ais works in the marine vhf radio band
roughly between 161 and
162 megahertz
and
its transmission is coordinated with
time slots there are 4 500 time slots
per minute
and the transmission coordination needs
time synchronization since we don't want
all ships to transmit at the same time
the time synchronization happens over
gps which is obviously needed already
for the position calculation
in the ais protocol there are 22 message
types in total
for us only four of them are interesting
the first one is the position report
that's just
the position report of the ship obvious
obviously
but also there's
their base station reports where
base stations report their position
and the last two are pretty interesting
because
ships can also
transmit static and voyage related data
like the name of the ship
the dwarf the length the width
or even the destination and the ship
type like
a military ship or a container ship or a
truck
and last but not least there's an aids
to navigation report
where visible boys or non-visible boys
or even temporary danger areas can send
their position
or these can be sent also by base
station
okay cool so let me track ships
of course there's also software for that
it's called ais catcher it's fresh and
new software from the netherlands under
heavy development
and it has significantly better
reception than other software
it only outputs raw serial messages so
you have to decode these serial messages
through gpsd
which is pretty old but very good
software on linux
it has support for multiple sdrs like
the rtl sdr or the air spy or the hack
rf
and of course it's open source
but before the software can do its job
we need some hardware to receive and
decode the data
first things first the antenna
a good antenna built for the desired
frequency is key to a strong signal
we like to use ground planes because
they are easy to build with a minimal
set of tools and cheap materials
an alternative are pcb antennas which
are readily available for lesb
those antennas are small robust and
precisely built for the frequency
without costing an arm and a leg
if about 20 euro isn't an issue pcb is
our preferred way to go
either way the building instructions for
both antennas are available in our git
repository
beware of cheaply made antennas with
very poor performance available from the
usual online sellers
on the top left
you can see a ground plane antenna on
the bottom left you can see a pcb for
1090 megahertz
and on the right you can see a pcb
in an auto worthy enclosure
next up you need a receiver to convert
the analog signal to digital
there are special adsb and ais receivers
on the market which are rather costly
instead we'll use the beloved rtl sdr
stick
these dvb-t sticks are the cheapest way
to buy a software-defined radio capable
of tuning into a relatively wide range
of frequencies
speaking of which not every stick is
suitable for our use case
you want to look for a 820 t
or 820 t2 tuner
and avoid fitting power tuners
reason is a frequency hole and poor gain
settings on the lateral models
to connect your antenna with a receiver
a piece of cork's cable is needed
the cable should be as long as needed to
mount the antenna in a good spot
and as short as possible as every meter
adds to the signal loss
the quality of the cable and connectors
also has an impact on the signal loss
we usually go for rg 58 with a pair of
name brand sma connectors on each end
as the sdr receiver is not designed for
adsb nor ais reception it has some flaws
due to the wide frequency range signals
on neighboring frequencies for example
mobile phone networks can overload the
receiver
a solution is a bandpass filter for the
desired frequency
which will decrease signal strength on
unwanted frequencies
the filter should be installed directly
on the receiver input to be as effective
as possible
the effect of a bandpass depends on the
location of the receiver but in general
it's always a good idea to install one
while there are sdr dongles with built
in band pass filter a dedicated filter
is the better option
in some scenarios with very crowded
frequencies the combination of both a
built-in and additional filter yield the
best results
the last piece of hardware needed is a
pc to install the software on and
process the data stream while in theory
nearly any old or new pc would work we
tend to use the ubiquitous raspberry pi
it has enough processing power for our
task while being affordable and sips on
power which is a big plus running 24 7.
without active cooling it is a
absolutely silent setup and without any
mains power anywhere near it it's quite
safe to play with
everything tied together into an outer
capable enclosure can look like this
such a setup can be mounted outside near
the antenna to reduce cable loss and can
be fed entirely by power over ethernet
via a single network cable
on the left you can see an adsb
and ais outdoor setup
in the middle picture you can have a
look inside such a setup containing a
raspberry pi
usb wifi adapter sdr dongle with filter
and a boost converter for energy
we also use small mobile setups based on
pi zeros with a power bank for traveling
the two antennas of a mobile setup can
be seen on the ripe mounted to a
telescopic antenna pole
now show me the planes and ships
with all the data we needed a way to
visualize it
the command line output however didn't
cut it for us we wanted strangely enough
a graphical user interface
wouldn't it be great to have a website
to look at all planes and ships from all
receivers combined
while there were commercial options for
one or the other there seemed no
solution for both
and we don't like the commercial aspect
of most sites
the only logical solution was to start
our own project and that is what we did
six years ago
so this is the map
obviously you can see the aircraft and
chips we receive
on the right side you have the aircraft
table and several buttons for different
features of the map
we will show you some of them now
if you select a plane this is what you
get in this case it's the approach queue
in frankfurt
you see the colorful tracks which change
with the flown altitude of the aircraft
and you can also see the model of the
airplanes on the map since we have icons
for the 100 most common aircraft models
you can also see the received data of
the selected aircraft on the right side
along with a photo of the aircraft model
or even of the aircraft is itself if we
have one
speaking of the plane icons here you see
some of them
like already said we made icons for the
mostly seen aircraft models like the
boeing 737 which you can see a second in
the bottom line
but we also have icons for more rarely
seen aircrafts like the illusion 76 in
the bottom right corner or above that
the airbus beluga or the new beluga xl
in the middle
here you see a police helicopter
hovering at an altitude of about 600
meters
you may have noticed that the helicopter
has a different color than its track
that's because we color special vehicles
like military or search and rescue
vehicles
in red and green so they are easier to
spot on the map
also interesting airplanes and ships are
highlighted in pink like the airbus
belugas or the antonov 225
so if they appear on the map they are
definitely an eye catcher
the transparent blue aircraft is tracked
with multilateration
the position of aircrafts which don't
send their position for whatever reason
can be calculated using the signal delay
between at least three stations
that's another benefit thanks to the
work of mutability who not only
developed them 1090 but also the
multiliteration server
on the right side you see several more
layer options for the map
jj will tell you more about them in a
few seconds
some but not all ground vehicles on
airports are also transmitting their
position
here you can see some tracks and also a
truck of fire brigade and dusseldorf
not seen here is a transmission tower
which we think for testing purposes only
sends adsb beacons without a position
since we have three stations close to
dusseldorf airport sometimes even that
tower shows up on the map with the
calculated position being accurate to
around 20 meters
just that you get an idea how accurate
multivation can be
as already said we are tracking ships
and this is what it looks like
on the right we have the familiar
sidebar with the ship's info
beside the ship's name and call sign we
show type speed direction and sometimes
even the destination
on the map itself we see the vessels
indicating the direction if possible
and drawing a history track
the different special types of ships are
color coordinated according to the
aircraft color scheme
there is another great open street map
based project named open cmap it shows
ports lighthouses and much more
as opencmap is very interesting to look
at and it helps to understand the routes
that ships are taking
we incorporated it as a switchable layer
easily accessible from the sidebar
talking of interesting ships here you
can see the tall ship croshfock of the
german navy on the run from kiel shortly
after the expensive repair
due to the high antenna position on one
of the masts it can be received and
tracked from a longer distance than any
other ships as seen here
another interesting thing to look at at
this ship which is anchored
moved by wind and waves it moves in a
circular fashion around the anchoring
point
but where does the boxy grid like track
come from
well it is the lack of resolution of the
latitude and longitude information
transmitted via ais
while it won't be an issue under normal
circumstances you always have to keep in
mind that the accuracy of the ship's
position is limited by this
the whole action on the map only works
due to the numerous stations feeding us
data
these stations are listed with some
stats and the approximate positions on
the map
when selecting a station you see some
detailed info and a list of amoled sync
piers
the more sink links the much better
multilateration will work on the map you
can see a visual representation of the
zinc links to the neighboring stations
and the quality of each link where green
is optimal and red unusable
in an area with many embled linked
stations as shown here there's a good
chance to track planes without position
info quite accurate
the more data you have at hand the more
important it gets to have good means of
filtering the data to find the bits you
are looking for
at the moment we have the following
filters in place
the filter by fix option allows you to
show emblot only planes for example
the my station filter allows us to only
show the vehicles received by one
specific station which is very useful if
you want to check on your station's
coverage or just want to see nearby
vehicles
with the altitude filter you can limit
the maximum altitude as seen here we
selected a maximum altitude of zero
meters which is equal to on ground
with this setting you will only see
planes on ground ground vehicles and
ships which do not have a flying
altitude obviously
by the way what you can see here is our
ground coverage in frankfurt
the by type filter allows to show only
interesting or military or fire rescue
and law enforcement vehicles
the combination of all three is possible
as shown here and the filter works for
aerial vehicles and water bound ones
alike
as we keep a history of all recent
positions we are able to create a heat
map
the heat map gives an indication of
where we have good coverage and where we
are lacking
it is easy to spot traffic hot for
example here frankfurt dusseldorf or
munich
the filters we have shown before are
working for the heat map too
so we can create a heat map for specific
station for airplanes or ships or even
for specified altitude
to check the ground coverage
as aviation is heavily impacted by the
weather we include a precipitation layer
which we can do thanks to the open data
policy of the german weather service it
can be very interesting to see the
planes getting diverted in real time to
circumvent areas of bad weather
there are some more features and
functions built in but instead of
showing you every little detail you can
explore the map yourself later on as it
is publicly available
we know some of you are eager to see
statistics about collected data so here
we go
you can clearly see how the amount of
flying airplanes decrease during night
time the daily peak is around 3 pm while
the low is around 3 am in the morning
also you find
that the least aircrafts are flying on
saturday nights
we think that's because the big cargo
hubs by dhl ups and fedex
are closed on sundays so flights in the
night decrease even more
the difference between night and day
time is around 400 planes in absolute
numbers
you even see the up and down from night
to day time in the network graph since
the received data correlates with the
flights
back to these two graphs when you take a
closer look you see that the quantity of
planes not sending a position is about a
fifth of the total planes
so what we need is multilateration to
track them
compared with the quantity of planes
without position
we can track only a third of them with
multilateration right now so there's a
big potential which we can't use there's
only one solution for that we need more
stations
i think i don't have to say much about
this
does anybody know what happened in march
2020
anyway besides the incredible drop in
march there are two interesting things
in this graph
you may ask yourself where these peaks
on any other day come from
well in the spring it was the weakened
hobby pilots who pushed the numbers
in the summer this gets mixed with the
holiday flights which were possible
again at that time
last but not least you see the same
effects with the fall holidays in
germany starting mid-october and ending
at the beginning of november last year
so here are the statistics about ships
the first station in kiel is feeding us
data since the end of may of this year
then three stations near the wine in
dusseldorf joined in july and august
hence the increasing number of received
ships over the first half of the graph
you can clearly see the peaks on the
weekends when the most pleasure crafts
are underway
other than that there's not the same day
and night effect like we've seen with
aircrafts
we think the reason for that is
that ships also send their position when
they are at anchor or moored
aircrafts have to turn off their
transponder when they reach the gate
also and i think that's the most
significant reason
there are
no restrictions like the flight pen at
night for ships
all received ships are feeded into a
database
since we started receiving data in may
of this year we already saw 8 800 unique
ships in total
it would have been even more if we
wouldn't have restructured our database
structure in september and also if we
wouldn't have forgotten to rewrite the
the insert query in the feeder script to
these changes
paste palm smiley
some of you may ask yourselves what
technologies we used well we tried
building it as independent as possible
but at some point we decided to use some
small frameworks instead of reinventing
the wheel
first of all we use vanilla js for the
front end and css for the styling all
the plane and ship icons are made in svg
for the map we use leaflet.js which is a
great toolkit for building interactive
maps even more so when extended with
some plugins
speaking of which we use leaflet real
time for all the real-time action on the
map
leaflet heat is used for the generation
of the heat maps and leaflet active area
is used for some ui enhancements
for all the interactive tables in the
sidebar we make use of tabulator
in the backend we use bash php jq
maria db and sqlite
but
let me give you a brief introduction on
how we process the data
so this is what a simplified version of
our data flow looks like
we are starting in the top left with our
raspberry pi
we named it adsberry pi
and we start with the incoming data from
the sdr
running into the dump 1090 process
which then will
feed the local web server with the
station's
[Music]
red
info
and it will feed the adsb service
running on the pi which will then
forward all the
json file with
planes and infos to the web server in
our data center
the web server will then
push all the info to the live data
service
which will
combine the data of all
incoming stations
and will combine it to an output feed
which will then be served by a web
server to the clients
but there's more than that
multilateration
works that you have installed the amoled
client on your raspberry pi which is
feeded with the station raw data
the client then pushes the station raw
data to the amla server
which will
use the data from the raspberry pi
and other amoled clients to calculate
amoled positions
and will feed it back to the pi
which is the blue arrow emblem backfeed
which will then use it to feed it to its
own web server
but the amoled server will also feed it
to a service which will create an amoled
json
that will be feeded to the live data
service where it will be combined and be
available on the web server so our
clients will be feed it with that and
amoled information
you see the live data service also
feeds the stats service which uses a
database which is a mariadb
to
generate history and statistics data and
will
build a statistics
json to serve it to the web server and
then to the clients
but there's more than adsb
ais
we're starting on the top left again
with the ais catcher which will decode
the ais data from the sdr dongle
and
will push the nema feed into the gpsd
and the gps pipe will take the nema feed
from gpsd and convert it to a
more or less readable json
file which we will then feed into our
ais service on the pi
the ais service will push the
information to the web server in our
data center
which will then feed it into the live
data service
the process here is a bit different
because the live data service will push
the data into a database
and
our live data out service will generate
the feed for web server and client from
this database that are two different
approaches
on handling the data
the ais data is
with database in place
while the adsb data will work fully
without the database and the databases
only for
history
generation
you may ask why
we use two different approaches
well this is
due to the fact that we implemented
adsb
a long time before we implemented ais
and from the things we learned
from adsb we created a
better
process for the ais maybe in the future
we will work on the
asb data handling but
at the time we don't know
so we have shown you uh all the little
features we have implemented we have
shown you the tech stack how it works
the hardware and so on
the only thing left is to show you or
tell you what we think is next
what we like to do is implement more
icons for different airplane types and
photos of airplanes
so you have a nice better experience in
the ui
the statistics is a weak point until now
so we want to improve on that and build
a completely new statistics backend and
front end to give you more and
more beautiful statistics because we
really like statistics and graphs
another
kind of weak point is responsive design
so while you can open the
website on a mobile device depending on
device and operating system and used
browser your mileage may vary so there's
room for improvement too
we can never have enough stations so
we definitely want more stations but
we cannot do that without help
and
maybe
sometime in the future we want to
experiment with another data source form
at this point we have three
normal adsb
then m let
and then ais
but who knows
what we'll find and
maybe we'll implement it
so how can you participate
you can of course build a station or you
can feed us data from an already
existing receiver which is feeding to
another service
right now most of the receivers are
located roughly in the western and
southern parts of germany
there are also people feeding data in
air bill and in washing
if you live in an area without coverage
and want to feed a stator we would be
happy about that
but we would be also happy if you would
feed us data from a receiver which is
just two kilometers away from an already
existing one
since this would gain coverage in terms
of low flying aircrafts nearby
and it increases multilateration quality
in any case have a look at our
instructions on how to build a receiver
and how to feed us data in our github
repository
and if you have an idea or a question
talk to us
the map is available at
adsb.chaosconsulting.te
and if you want to peter's data send us
an email or even better join us on our
mumble server
we will hang out there most of the time
doing congress
we also have a telegram group which you
are free to join
last but not least the source code of
our website is of course available at
github
thanks for your time and we are looking
forward to answering your questions in
the q a now
thanks both of you for the awesome
talk uh there were a couple of questions
from people on the internet um i'll just
pick a couple of these
uh first one would be
what measures are implemented to protect
the privacy of pilots
um who are identifiable by being the
sole users of their own aircraft
yeah good question
um i think there is no such way of doing
that as the data is unencrypted
in the air and everybody can
receive it as shown so you can't really
do that if we would do it it would be
too late for it because the data is
already out there
right thank you
then it appears that's in another group
is doing something very similar um their
question is um
we've got a um a hacker ref on a
raspberry pi 4 on the roof
but have huge stability issues
especially with openweb rx
did you experience anything alike
we're not using the heck rf but we're
using rtl sdr dongles we have seen
stability issues with
older and
cheaper dongles we don't know if it is
because the dongles are
some years old or because
they were very cheap dongles
but
yeah we changed these dongles for newer
and more expensive ones
and haven't seen these issues again but
we can say for sure
all right thank you
um given that ais is not that popular in
inland waterways apart from the ryan
donald region
is there anything you can recommend for
tracking inland boats
i don't know if i
got the question right but um there is
ais on the different
canals in germany so norton m's canal
and so on well i've seen it
so you can track ships via ais even if
you're not that near to a canal if
you're in a good
spot maybe on the hilltop
and yeah use an
antenna and then rtl sdr dongle
and check for yourself if you can get
some messages in
right thank you um i hope i get the next
question correctly um how often do
people complain that you do it
unfiltered and so on commercial
never
straight answer thank you
now
[Laughter]
all right um
the next part is a bit of a longer
question
we maintain a marine traffic station
which i kind of inherited from a former
colleague is there anything else that
you dislike about marine traffic other
than that only marine traffic is tracked
and could i use our setup antenna to
send data to your project and to marina
traffic at the same time
okay
i'll take that one um it depends on the
type of station if it is uh
yeah
ready station or rebuild station i don't
know what it can do but with a homemade
raspberry pie based station there's a
very good chance that that you can use
it to feed more than one service by
installing one and adding the scripts or
feeding clients for another service
yeah what
do we like about
these services or what we don't
wasn't really a question
in terms of ais because we started with
adsb and
at the time when we started there were
to our knowledge no good uh
non-commercial services there may be one
today but
yeah when we were uh doing adsb it was
quite natural to add ais at some point
so
we never thought about it if it was a
good idea or if it is needed we just
wanted
it all right thank you
um next question would be you mentioned
the mobile setup
how much power and mobile data does that
one need
well um
power wise um
with the raspberry pi zero
around i don't know um you can you can
power that with a with a power bank
and
i don't know like
one day should be should be possible
also for the for the data
for the traffic
i think it's around one gigabyte but
maybe jj knows that better than me
yeah so a giveaway a day
yeah it depends a bit on uh how much
traffic you have how much messages there
are to decode but
with a decent
i think 20 000 milliamp power bank i got
about 30 hours of runtime or an adsb
only set up
and
data
depends uh
on what you see and what you get
range wise and plain count wise but
with two gigabytes a day you should be
fine so that is not a thing you want to
deploy on mobile data for a longer time
especially with the german kept mobile
tariffs
all right thank you
can fine tune that down
to
maybe a three second interval or
whatever
thanks
um
another question is is there more
information on your mlat implementation
on how your ml at implementation works
basically it's the
normal multilateration server and client
but we also
implemented an s tunnel
so that the
connections from the clients to the
server are encrypted and that's it
all right thank you
um next question i hope i get the
acronyms correctly
where do you get the registrations for
the adsb
icao addresses from is an open database
available
we use
a database from 2018
that was licensed
under the mit license
and we update that regularly so when we
see so we are also spotters so when we
go spotting we update the database
well with our own data
all right thanks again
um
are there um plans or projects to
explore the new adsc
not yet maybe in the future
all right
and um i think that is the actually the
final question um how expensive of one
ads
berry pie to build
well that depends uh there where times
where you could build such a setup in an
auto worthy enclosure for about 100
euros but at the moment it is quite hard
to get
hardware and it costs a bit more but if
you want a good aesb only setup you can
work with about 120 130 euros in germany
with a
small little test setup without filter
without casing and so on you can even go
cheaper you may have a raspberry lying
around or use just a laptop for a day or
whatever then you can
yeah
buy an 80sb dongle for about 25 euros
and
start the journey a full setup with adsb
ais filtering good antenna mounts
and all this stuff all around 200 euros
all right thanks uh are you willing to
take one more question
yeah sure
thank you um is adsb also used by
smaller planes um the person asking
seems to live about 10 kilometers from a
small airport without a commercial
service and is wondering if um he or she
could receive information from the ga
planes that fly over the house
yeah sure not every plane
many of the smaller aircrafts do not
send their position information so you
can see the beacon you can see it in the
list and if you have amoled coverage
which means at least three stations
receiving the plane then you can get a
calculated position there may be smaller
glider types that use other services
such as flarm or open glider network
yeah but
many small planes use adsb in some form
so
there would be something to receive
thanks a lot and just as a common
question that popped up a lot of times
was how can i contribute to your project
and um it seems you answered these with
the second to last slide um but
up till to this point that question came
like three times
um yeah so
thanks again for your great talk thank
you very much for answering all the
questions
um it really is appreciated
um people watching the streams you will
now see a um another edition of the c3
news show
and coming up afterwards are the
lightning talks of today the first round
of the year
um
thanks a lot and if you have the time
please provide feedbacks to all speakers
that helps to improve and um yeah it
also is some kind kind of appreciation
if you actually
um do not do provide good feedback
apparently taking from the questions a
lot of you like to talk so
again thank you for the great talk
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crazy
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