0 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:30,000 Dear viewer, these subtitles were generated by a machine via the service Trint and therefore are (very) buggy. If you are capable, please help us to create good quality subtitles: https://c3subtitles.de/talk/902 Thanks! 1 00:00:16,079 --> 00:00:17,079 Well. 2 00:00:18,320 --> 00:00:20,959 Digital rights management, or DRM, 3 00:00:20,960 --> 00:00:21,960 sucks. 4 00:00:23,780 --> 00:00:25,789 I remember several situations where I've 5 00:00:25,790 --> 00:00:27,859 been struggling with DRM. 6 00:00:27,860 --> 00:00:29,929 I went flying on a plane and my 7 00:00:29,930 --> 00:00:31,999 music wouldn't play or I 8 00:00:32,000 --> 00:00:34,099 wanted to burn music onto a 9 00:00:34,100 --> 00:00:36,679 C.D. and it wouldn't work 10 00:00:36,680 --> 00:00:37,849 and I couldn't use it. 11 00:00:37,850 --> 00:00:40,159 And I needed tools to circumvent 12 00:00:40,160 --> 00:00:42,140 that. And to 13 00:00:43,670 --> 00:00:46,009 hear or listen to things that were 14 00:00:46,010 --> 00:00:48,379 protected and 15 00:00:48,380 --> 00:00:49,380 limited, 16 00:00:50,840 --> 00:00:52,489 whereas DRM come from. 17 00:00:52,490 --> 00:00:53,779 And where does it go? 18 00:00:53,780 --> 00:00:55,939 Well, is probably going to 19 00:00:55,940 --> 00:00:58,019 give us some answers on that. 20 00:00:58,020 --> 00:01:00,139 She's the campaign manager of the 21 00:01:00,140 --> 00:01:02,209 Free Software Foundation 22 00:01:02,210 --> 00:01:04,699 and she's giving us an overview 23 00:01:04,700 --> 00:01:07,019 on DRM and also 24 00:01:07,020 --> 00:01:07,339 a Klym. 25 00:01:07,340 --> 00:01:10,009 So DRM is going to be implemented 26 00:01:10,010 --> 00:01:11,449 and working in the future. 27 00:01:11,450 --> 00:01:14,149 And what we can do to 28 00:01:14,150 --> 00:01:16,169 circumvent it or two. 29 00:01:16,170 --> 00:01:19,219 Yeah, try to 30 00:01:19,220 --> 00:01:20,780 get rid of DRM. 31 00:01:21,950 --> 00:01:23,929 Please give a really warm round of 32 00:01:23,930 --> 00:01:24,949 applause to Molly. 33 00:01:30,160 --> 00:01:31,160 Hi. 34 00:01:31,930 --> 00:01:33,699 Hi, I'm Molly. 35 00:01:33,700 --> 00:01:34,719 I just want you all to know that I'm 36 00:01:34,720 --> 00:01:36,939 terrified right now, but I'm glad 37 00:01:36,940 --> 00:01:38,289 I'm in a room with my friends. 38 00:01:38,290 --> 00:01:40,269 And I'm saying this because even though 39 00:01:40,270 --> 00:01:42,129 it's very unprofessional, I'm pretty sure 40 00:01:42,130 --> 00:01:43,599 after this moment you won't be able to 41 00:01:43,600 --> 00:01:45,039 tell. I'm terrified. 42 00:01:45,040 --> 00:01:46,599 And I want you to know that it's OK. 43 00:01:48,040 --> 00:01:50,499 OK. So another quick note about me. 44 00:01:50,500 --> 00:01:51,939 I'm not a lawyer. 45 00:01:51,940 --> 00:01:53,349 I know very little about the law, 46 00:01:53,350 --> 00:01:55,419 actually, but I kind of 47 00:01:55,420 --> 00:01:57,189 sort of know how to read policy and I 48 00:01:57,190 --> 00:01:58,599 kind of sort of know how to talk to 49 00:01:58,600 --> 00:02:00,039 people about policy. 50 00:02:00,040 --> 00:02:01,659 And I'm really good at reading Wikipedia. 51 00:02:04,000 --> 00:02:06,099 I also know that user freedom 52 00:02:06,100 --> 00:02:07,419 is important. 53 00:02:07,420 --> 00:02:09,758 User freedom is the idea 54 00:02:09,759 --> 00:02:11,919 that we have devices and software 55 00:02:11,920 --> 00:02:14,439 and technology in our lives 56 00:02:14,440 --> 00:02:16,749 and that we have rights and freedoms 57 00:02:16,750 --> 00:02:18,479 with response to that. 58 00:02:18,480 --> 00:02:20,649 Right. However, user freedom requires 59 00:02:20,650 --> 00:02:22,329 free software. It requires software 60 00:02:22,330 --> 00:02:23,409 freedom. 61 00:02:23,410 --> 00:02:24,639 I'm gonna have you talking a little bit 62 00:02:24,640 --> 00:02:26,799 more about that sort of relationship 63 00:02:26,800 --> 00:02:27,789 later on. 64 00:02:27,790 --> 00:02:29,199 But I want you to go into this talk 65 00:02:29,200 --> 00:02:31,419 knowing that I believe 66 00:02:31,420 --> 00:02:34,059 I know that software 67 00:02:34,060 --> 00:02:35,889 and technology needs to meet certain 68 00:02:35,890 --> 00:02:37,959 requirements in order for you to 69 00:02:37,960 --> 00:02:40,119 have the rights related to it that 70 00:02:40,120 --> 00:02:41,139 you need and deserve. 71 00:02:42,250 --> 00:02:43,569 So now what's this thing called DRM? 72 00:02:45,340 --> 00:02:46,599 Some people say digital rights 73 00:02:46,600 --> 00:02:48,729 management. I say digital restrictions, 74 00:02:48,730 --> 00:02:50,289 management, because it's not about 75 00:02:50,290 --> 00:02:51,189 rights. 76 00:02:51,190 --> 00:02:53,169 The term digital rights management 77 00:02:53,170 --> 00:02:55,299 carries this idea that that's somewhere 78 00:02:55,300 --> 00:02:57,369 maybe even you have 79 00:02:57,370 --> 00:02:59,349 have something that you get out of it, 80 00:02:59,350 --> 00:03:01,389 out of DRM, but you don't. 81 00:03:01,390 --> 00:03:02,739 Right. The only thing it does is it 82 00:03:02,740 --> 00:03:05,110 restricts you and your interactions. 83 00:03:06,250 --> 00:03:09,149 So how is DRM implemented? 84 00:03:09,150 --> 00:03:10,150 Right. 85 00:03:10,510 --> 00:03:12,259 As the technology itself? 86 00:03:12,260 --> 00:03:14,589 One of the ways we see it most commonly 87 00:03:14,590 --> 00:03:16,389 is that you have this piece frequently 88 00:03:16,390 --> 00:03:18,909 media, sometimes other software 89 00:03:18,910 --> 00:03:20,169 that's sort of wrapped up in this 90 00:03:20,170 --> 00:03:21,969 encryption. This is a very technical 91 00:03:21,970 --> 00:03:23,319 explanation, as you can tell. 92 00:03:24,970 --> 00:03:26,679 And then somewhere down the line, you 93 00:03:26,680 --> 00:03:28,659 have your device where you are required 94 00:03:28,660 --> 00:03:31,059 to install another piece of software. 95 00:03:31,060 --> 00:03:32,589 Usually proprietary, almost always 96 00:03:32,590 --> 00:03:33,590 proprietary. 97 00:03:34,600 --> 00:03:37,179 And then your software somehow 98 00:03:37,180 --> 00:03:39,309 decrypt this other thing and allows you 99 00:03:39,310 --> 00:03:41,259 to interact with it on someone else's 100 00:03:41,260 --> 00:03:42,260 terms. 101 00:03:43,210 --> 00:03:45,269 So some of the ways that we see DRM and 102 00:03:45,270 --> 00:03:46,829 action is limited use. 103 00:03:46,830 --> 00:03:49,719 Are there times or number of times? 104 00:03:49,720 --> 00:03:51,089 So time might be. 105 00:03:51,090 --> 00:03:52,599 I I'm really lucky. 106 00:03:52,600 --> 00:03:53,859 I live in a place where the library 107 00:03:53,860 --> 00:03:56,349 system lets me borrow 108 00:03:56,350 --> 00:03:57,519 ebooks. 109 00:03:57,520 --> 00:03:59,899 However, they're only valid for so long 110 00:03:59,900 --> 00:04:01,329 because of the DRM on them. 111 00:04:01,330 --> 00:04:03,609 So unfortunately, I don't borrow e-books. 112 00:04:03,610 --> 00:04:05,799 But it's a great idea or number of times. 113 00:04:05,800 --> 00:04:07,979 Something that happens in video 114 00:04:07,980 --> 00:04:09,729 games especially is you're allowed to 115 00:04:09,730 --> 00:04:10,929 install them. 116 00:04:10,930 --> 00:04:13,119 Some number of times, three or four 117 00:04:13,120 --> 00:04:15,369 maybe. And then after that, you lose 118 00:04:15,370 --> 00:04:17,380 the right to keep using it. 119 00:04:18,700 --> 00:04:20,409 Persistent online authentication. 120 00:04:20,410 --> 00:04:21,699 This is something else we've seen in 121 00:04:21,700 --> 00:04:24,129 video games to 122 00:04:24,130 --> 00:04:26,079 great consternation of the public at 123 00:04:26,080 --> 00:04:28,329 various points where 124 00:04:28,330 --> 00:04:29,379 you can only use it. 125 00:04:29,380 --> 00:04:31,449 You can only play if you also have 126 00:04:31,450 --> 00:04:33,009 a connection to the Internet. 127 00:04:33,010 --> 00:04:35,379 I see that this is very classist 128 00:04:35,380 --> 00:04:36,699 because there are plenty of places where 129 00:04:36,700 --> 00:04:38,409 people just don't have Internet 130 00:04:38,410 --> 00:04:40,089 connections, and especially with net 131 00:04:40,090 --> 00:04:41,739 neutrality issues coming up, which we're 132 00:04:41,740 --> 00:04:42,989 not going to talk about anymore. 133 00:04:42,990 --> 00:04:45,519 But we can talk about later product 134 00:04:45,520 --> 00:04:47,799 keys, you know, and you get your 135 00:04:47,800 --> 00:04:49,419 copy of Windows. Hopefully you don't have 136 00:04:49,420 --> 00:04:50,919 a copy of Windows. But if you did happen 137 00:04:50,920 --> 00:04:52,869 to get one, at some point, there would be 138 00:04:52,870 --> 00:04:54,339 a product key on it that you had to put 139 00:04:54,340 --> 00:04:55,239 in. 140 00:04:55,240 --> 00:04:56,709 Here's my favorite example of product 141 00:04:56,710 --> 00:04:58,809 keys. There was this game I loved as 142 00:04:58,810 --> 00:05:01,179 a child called The Incredible Machine 143 00:05:01,180 --> 00:05:02,709 and how it worked as you had to get 144 00:05:02,710 --> 00:05:04,869 something from one side to the other 145 00:05:04,870 --> 00:05:05,829 and you were given all these little 146 00:05:05,830 --> 00:05:07,209 widgets to put it together. 147 00:05:08,650 --> 00:05:10,989 The thing was, the game required you to 148 00:05:10,990 --> 00:05:12,309 basically put in a product key. 149 00:05:12,310 --> 00:05:14,229 It had a number of selections that came 150 00:05:14,230 --> 00:05:15,339 in a book. 151 00:05:15,340 --> 00:05:17,379 So I had a demo version of this game, but 152 00:05:17,380 --> 00:05:18,789 I really, really liked it. 153 00:05:18,790 --> 00:05:20,679 And the demo version gave you one product 154 00:05:20,680 --> 00:05:22,689 key. So I used to have to stop the game 155 00:05:22,690 --> 00:05:24,549 and then started again until it found the 156 00:05:24,550 --> 00:05:25,550 one I knew. 157 00:05:26,340 --> 00:05:27,670 And that was sad when I was five. 158 00:05:29,290 --> 00:05:30,429 There's a digression here. 159 00:05:30,430 --> 00:05:32,439 One of my coworkers asked me about video 160 00:05:32,440 --> 00:05:34,389 games and how you're forced to follow a 161 00:05:34,390 --> 00:05:36,069 certain narrative and you're punished. 162 00:05:36,070 --> 00:05:38,199 And he asked me if this is DRM, because 163 00:05:38,200 --> 00:05:39,639 frequently when I talk about it, 164 00:05:39,640 --> 00:05:41,859 especially in response to my work, 165 00:05:41,860 --> 00:05:43,659 I take this very fairly general 166 00:05:43,660 --> 00:05:45,250 definition of the technology. 167 00:05:46,810 --> 00:05:48,579 We can talk about that later and feel 168 00:05:48,580 --> 00:05:50,499 free to ask me questions. 169 00:05:50,500 --> 00:05:52,749 Cool. So why would somebody think 170 00:05:52,750 --> 00:05:54,159 DRM is a good idea? 171 00:05:54,160 --> 00:05:56,259 Or more specifically, why do we think it 172 00:05:56,260 --> 00:05:57,979 is not a good idea? 173 00:05:57,980 --> 00:05:58,980 Right. 174 00:05:59,460 --> 00:06:01,509 Right. This is a conversation about their 175 00:06:01,510 --> 00:06:03,699 rights in this case that there them 176 00:06:03,700 --> 00:06:05,949 they is these like 177 00:06:05,950 --> 00:06:08,679 creators or rights holders 178 00:06:08,680 --> 00:06:10,359 rights in this case, like specifically 179 00:06:10,360 --> 00:06:12,669 Ferring to who owns 180 00:06:12,670 --> 00:06:15,009 this intangible thing, maybe kind 181 00:06:15,010 --> 00:06:16,029 of owns it. 182 00:06:17,470 --> 00:06:19,419 And then you on this other side is like 183 00:06:19,420 --> 00:06:21,189 you personally here. 184 00:06:21,190 --> 00:06:23,289 So their rights is this idea that the 185 00:06:23,290 --> 00:06:25,449 people who either created 186 00:06:25,450 --> 00:06:28,259 or purchased it from the creator. 187 00:06:28,260 --> 00:06:30,639 It's like the the concept 188 00:06:30,640 --> 00:06:32,709 of this thing that they've made, 189 00:06:32,710 --> 00:06:35,409 that they deserve your. 190 00:06:35,410 --> 00:06:37,869 They deserve your 191 00:06:37,870 --> 00:06:39,939 obedience and 192 00:06:39,940 --> 00:06:41,229 how you interact with it. 193 00:06:41,230 --> 00:06:43,299 And then on the other hand, we're saying 194 00:06:43,300 --> 00:06:45,669 that you have these rights 195 00:06:45,670 --> 00:06:47,169 and that you should be the one to set 196 00:06:47,170 --> 00:06:48,170 your own terms. 197 00:06:49,360 --> 00:06:51,369 So what do we lose with DRM? 198 00:06:51,370 --> 00:06:53,469 Right. So as the people 199 00:06:53,470 --> 00:06:55,389 using it, we're losing something. 200 00:06:56,590 --> 00:06:57,639 One of the things we lose is 201 00:06:57,640 --> 00:06:58,679 accessibility. 202 00:06:58,680 --> 00:07:01,149 Right? When you have a piece of DRM 203 00:07:01,150 --> 00:07:03,609 media or material because 204 00:07:03,610 --> 00:07:04,539 you can't access it. 205 00:07:04,540 --> 00:07:05,979 Because you can't change it. 206 00:07:05,980 --> 00:07:07,059 You can't modify it. 207 00:07:07,060 --> 00:07:08,529 You can't use it on your terms. 208 00:07:08,530 --> 00:07:09,789 You can't share it. 209 00:07:09,790 --> 00:07:12,049 You can't share your modifications. 210 00:07:12,050 --> 00:07:13,719 Like, one of the things we really lose is 211 00:07:13,720 --> 00:07:15,909 accessibility in this particular 212 00:07:15,910 --> 00:07:18,489 case. Accessibility refers to the ability 213 00:07:18,490 --> 00:07:20,739 to change something in order to make 214 00:07:20,740 --> 00:07:23,109 it more usable for people 215 00:07:23,110 --> 00:07:25,239 who have different interactive 216 00:07:25,240 --> 00:07:26,289 needs. Right. 217 00:07:26,290 --> 00:07:28,549 So one example would be changing 218 00:07:28,550 --> 00:07:29,829 something so it works better with a 219 00:07:29,830 --> 00:07:31,689 screen reader. Web sites are a very good 220 00:07:31,690 --> 00:07:32,679 example. 221 00:07:32,680 --> 00:07:34,009 I don't know if you've ever looked at the 222 00:07:34,010 --> 00:07:36,129 HMO in a given Web page, but it's usually 223 00:07:36,130 --> 00:07:37,749 quite messy, at least the ones I write. 224 00:07:39,310 --> 00:07:41,499 But it also refers to 225 00:07:41,500 --> 00:07:43,719 maybe changing the font being 226 00:07:43,720 --> 00:07:46,149 used. I've heard that 227 00:07:46,150 --> 00:07:48,369 for dyslexics, a sans serif fonts 228 00:07:48,370 --> 00:07:49,359 are better. 229 00:07:49,360 --> 00:07:51,069 But if a Web page is presented in a Sarah 230 00:07:51,070 --> 00:07:52,359 font, they would have more trouble 231 00:07:52,360 --> 00:07:54,699 reading it. Color for colorblindness 232 00:07:54,700 --> 00:07:56,279 is another issue. 233 00:07:56,280 --> 00:07:58,179 Art. Right. We make amazing art. 234 00:07:58,180 --> 00:08:00,219 People make amazing art. 235 00:08:00,220 --> 00:08:01,869 I don't even want to go as far as to say 236 00:08:01,870 --> 00:08:04,119 that the end of the year remixes that 237 00:08:04,120 --> 00:08:06,459 come out where somebody took all the top 238 00:08:06,460 --> 00:08:08,529 40 songs over the course of the year and 239 00:08:08,530 --> 00:08:10,299 then put them together for one song. 240 00:08:10,300 --> 00:08:11,499 I don't even want to call that remix. 241 00:08:11,500 --> 00:08:12,819 Really. That is art. 242 00:08:12,820 --> 00:08:14,949 That takes skill and talent and thought 243 00:08:14,950 --> 00:08:16,569 and creativity. 244 00:08:16,570 --> 00:08:18,069 Right. And that's something that you just 245 00:08:18,070 --> 00:08:19,629 can't do when you don't have access to 246 00:08:19,630 --> 00:08:21,279 that media. 247 00:08:21,280 --> 00:08:23,499 There's convenience, of course, as 248 00:08:23,500 --> 00:08:24,669 the Herald, whose name I forgot, I'm 249 00:08:24,670 --> 00:08:27,219 really sorry I mentioned 250 00:08:27,220 --> 00:08:28,899 he's been in situations where he just 251 00:08:28,900 --> 00:08:30,669 doesn't have access to things that he 252 00:08:30,670 --> 00:08:31,929 wants to have access to. 253 00:08:32,940 --> 00:08:35,259 There's education in the United States. 254 00:08:35,260 --> 00:08:37,359 At least you're allowed to use 255 00:08:37,360 --> 00:08:40,509 any piece of copyrighted material. 256 00:08:40,510 --> 00:08:41,510 Not a lawyer 257 00:08:43,090 --> 00:08:45,159 in an educational context. 258 00:08:45,160 --> 00:08:47,079 When something is DRM, though, you no 259 00:08:47,080 --> 00:08:48,939 longer have the ability to bring it into 260 00:08:48,940 --> 00:08:51,489 any context, especially 261 00:08:51,490 --> 00:08:53,319 if you're trying to work in a place with 262 00:08:53,320 --> 00:08:55,449 limited technological services or 263 00:08:55,450 --> 00:08:57,729 limited Internet service. 264 00:08:57,730 --> 00:08:59,859 So two quick examples I have of this 265 00:08:59,860 --> 00:09:01,149 is I used to work at M.I.T. 266 00:09:01,150 --> 00:09:03,159 Open Courseware, and one of the things we 267 00:09:03,160 --> 00:09:05,559 would do is we would package courses 268 00:09:05,560 --> 00:09:07,239 onto hard drives and send them off to 269 00:09:07,240 --> 00:09:08,229 people. 270 00:09:08,230 --> 00:09:10,329 One example is, was 271 00:09:10,330 --> 00:09:12,909 HD a juvenile prison 272 00:09:12,910 --> 00:09:14,979 in Idaho where they 273 00:09:14,980 --> 00:09:16,269 just weren't allowed access to the 274 00:09:16,270 --> 00:09:18,489 Internet. And another one was medical 275 00:09:18,490 --> 00:09:20,979 training workshops in West Africa. 276 00:09:20,980 --> 00:09:22,469 Those are places where people lack 277 00:09:22,470 --> 00:09:24,669 through sort of privileges and access 278 00:09:24,670 --> 00:09:25,670 that we have here, 279 00:09:26,860 --> 00:09:28,959 free speech. I hope a 280 00:09:28,960 --> 00:09:30,279 lot of you get this one, so I won't go 281 00:09:30,280 --> 00:09:32,649 into it too much repairing 282 00:09:32,650 --> 00:09:33,909 and not replacing. 283 00:09:33,910 --> 00:09:35,979 We're going to talk about that a lot more 284 00:09:35,980 --> 00:09:37,989 later when we talk about one of my 285 00:09:37,990 --> 00:09:39,279 favorite things, which is tractors 286 00:09:40,950 --> 00:09:42,459 and sharing experience in human 287 00:09:42,460 --> 00:09:43,779 connection. 288 00:09:43,780 --> 00:09:45,429 I don't know how many of you this is true 289 00:09:45,430 --> 00:09:47,619 for. But for me, I love books 290 00:09:47,620 --> 00:09:49,029 and I love reading. 291 00:09:49,030 --> 00:09:50,799 And I find myself reading a book that 292 00:09:50,800 --> 00:09:52,899 touches me in some way or that I think is 293 00:09:52,900 --> 00:09:54,429 important or valuable. 294 00:09:54,430 --> 00:09:55,839 And I want to share it with someone 295 00:09:55,840 --> 00:09:57,219 because I want them to understand me 296 00:09:57,220 --> 00:09:59,289 better. I want them to have this new idea 297 00:09:59,290 --> 00:10:01,719 that has really affected my outlook 298 00:10:01,720 --> 00:10:02,799 on the world. 299 00:10:02,800 --> 00:10:05,019 You know, I can't do that. 300 00:10:05,020 --> 00:10:06,459 I can't share my experience. 301 00:10:06,460 --> 00:10:08,109 And we're losing this opportunity for 302 00:10:08,110 --> 00:10:10,179 connection because I cannot give 303 00:10:10,180 --> 00:10:11,589 them something since some company 304 00:10:11,590 --> 00:10:13,539 somewhere else thinks I don't have a 305 00:10:13,540 --> 00:10:14,540 right to it. 306 00:10:15,370 --> 00:10:17,529 Translation's, this is kind of related to 307 00:10:17,530 --> 00:10:19,779 accessibility. If, for example, 308 00:10:19,780 --> 00:10:22,469 you have someone who only speaks, 309 00:10:22,470 --> 00:10:23,799 you know, anyone given language like me, 310 00:10:23,800 --> 00:10:24,800 I only speak English. 311 00:10:26,170 --> 00:10:28,479 I need to have things translated for me. 312 00:10:28,480 --> 00:10:29,889 But when you have these restrictions, 313 00:10:29,890 --> 00:10:30,890 that can't be done. 314 00:10:32,080 --> 00:10:34,870 So DRM causes lots of problems. 315 00:10:36,310 --> 00:10:37,969 Does it solve any problems? 316 00:10:37,970 --> 00:10:40,089 Because as you know, people still really 317 00:10:40,090 --> 00:10:41,979 insist that it does. 318 00:10:41,980 --> 00:10:43,389 It turns out it doesn't solve any of 319 00:10:43,390 --> 00:10:44,390 them. 320 00:10:45,580 --> 00:10:47,589 One of the things people talk about when 321 00:10:47,590 --> 00:10:49,299 they talk about DRM is they talk about 322 00:10:49,300 --> 00:10:50,379 pirating. 323 00:10:50,380 --> 00:10:52,419 They talk about people taking things. 324 00:10:52,420 --> 00:10:54,130 They talk about loss of profits. 325 00:10:55,270 --> 00:10:56,829 It turns out that there's been very 326 00:10:56,830 --> 00:11:00,009 little, if any, repercussions 327 00:11:00,010 --> 00:11:01,450 for not having DRM media. 328 00:11:02,840 --> 00:11:04,419 OK. Now we're going to talk about anti 329 00:11:04,420 --> 00:11:06,699 circumvention laws, which is probably 330 00:11:06,700 --> 00:11:07,700 a little bit more exciting. 331 00:11:08,620 --> 00:11:10,269 Here's another quick note about me. 332 00:11:10,270 --> 00:11:12,099 I'm not a legal expert, but I'm really 333 00:11:12,100 --> 00:11:13,179 good at reading Wikipedia. 334 00:11:14,440 --> 00:11:15,440 Thank you. 335 00:11:15,850 --> 00:11:18,039 So this is some stuff I learned. 336 00:11:18,040 --> 00:11:20,109 In 1996, the World Intellectual 337 00:11:20,110 --> 00:11:21,729 Property Organization created this 338 00:11:21,730 --> 00:11:23,199 copyright treaty. 339 00:11:23,200 --> 00:11:24,429 The World Intellectual Property 340 00:11:24,430 --> 00:11:27,219 Organization is a conglomeration 341 00:11:27,220 --> 00:11:28,109 of nations. 342 00:11:28,110 --> 00:11:29,529 One hundred ninety one. 343 00:11:29,530 --> 00:11:30,629 They're not all nations. 344 00:11:30,630 --> 00:11:31,630 Or maybe they are. 345 00:11:32,860 --> 00:11:34,559 It's U.N. members and then some 346 00:11:34,560 --> 00:11:36,389 additional territories and other 347 00:11:36,390 --> 00:11:37,769 contested areas. 348 00:11:37,770 --> 00:11:39,899 Who all got together and agreed 349 00:11:39,900 --> 00:11:42,599 that DRM was really important 350 00:11:42,600 --> 00:11:44,819 and they needed to make some some. 351 00:11:44,820 --> 00:11:46,979 They needed to make policies 352 00:11:46,980 --> 00:11:49,169 across the world to protect 353 00:11:49,170 --> 00:11:50,849 the sanctity of it. 354 00:11:50,850 --> 00:11:52,469 Right. So in the United States, we had 355 00:11:52,470 --> 00:11:53,879 the DMCA, the Digital Millennium 356 00:11:53,880 --> 00:11:55,520 Copyright Act in 1998. 357 00:11:56,670 --> 00:11:58,109 This is a lot of stuff. Normally, I like 358 00:11:58,110 --> 00:12:00,269 to read slides in case anybody 359 00:12:00,270 --> 00:12:01,559 has trouble seeing them, but I'm not 360 00:12:01,560 --> 00:12:02,639 going to do that right now because 361 00:12:02,640 --> 00:12:05,009 there's a lot. I'm just want to highlight 362 00:12:05,010 --> 00:12:06,839 that the DMCA actually does give you 363 00:12:06,840 --> 00:12:08,459 permission to circumvent these 364 00:12:08,460 --> 00:12:09,689 restrictive technologies. 365 00:12:09,690 --> 00:12:11,519 Right. You may circumvent a technological 366 00:12:11,520 --> 00:12:13,679 measure that effectively controls access 367 00:12:13,680 --> 00:12:16,019 to a particular portion of the program 368 00:12:16,020 --> 00:12:18,119 to achieve interoperability of 369 00:12:18,120 --> 00:12:20,009 an independently created computer 370 00:12:20,010 --> 00:12:21,179 program. That's really easy to 371 00:12:21,180 --> 00:12:22,649 understand. Right. 372 00:12:22,650 --> 00:12:23,999 So what does interoperability mean? 373 00:12:24,000 --> 00:12:25,319 That was my next question. 374 00:12:25,320 --> 00:12:27,629 So they have a clear definition later on. 375 00:12:27,630 --> 00:12:29,699 And that same little bit of the 376 00:12:29,700 --> 00:12:31,649 code like Title 17 code, which was very 377 00:12:31,650 --> 00:12:32,939 useful. 378 00:12:32,940 --> 00:12:35,039 Interoperability is computer, the ability 379 00:12:35,040 --> 00:12:36,779 of computer programs to exchange 380 00:12:36,780 --> 00:12:38,849 information and mutually use 381 00:12:38,850 --> 00:12:40,109 that information. 382 00:12:40,110 --> 00:12:41,429 This is actually a pretty narrow 383 00:12:41,430 --> 00:12:42,430 definition. 384 00:12:43,740 --> 00:12:44,999 But people are still scared of 385 00:12:45,000 --> 00:12:46,169 interacting with it. 386 00:12:46,170 --> 00:12:47,170 Right. 387 00:12:47,820 --> 00:12:49,529 Sharing software for the purpose of 388 00:12:49,530 --> 00:12:51,209 violating or encouraging others to 389 00:12:51,210 --> 00:12:53,379 violate copyrights has been held illegal. 390 00:12:55,140 --> 00:12:57,509 So at this point and thinking and talking 391 00:12:57,510 --> 00:12:59,579 about the implications and circumvention 392 00:12:59,580 --> 00:13:01,889 laws have, we're beginning 393 00:13:01,890 --> 00:13:05,159 to understand that intent matters. 394 00:13:05,160 --> 00:13:07,259 So when you create a piece 395 00:13:07,260 --> 00:13:08,999 of technology to get around and a 396 00:13:09,000 --> 00:13:10,469 circumvention laws, you're taking on a 397 00:13:10,470 --> 00:13:13,169 certain level of responsibility that 398 00:13:13,170 --> 00:13:15,419 it will only be used for research 399 00:13:15,420 --> 00:13:17,729 or for interoperability as opposed to 400 00:13:17,730 --> 00:13:19,259 people doing whatever they want with it, 401 00:13:19,260 --> 00:13:21,509 like a legal services, 402 00:13:21,510 --> 00:13:22,859 i.e. breaking DRM. 403 00:13:24,360 --> 00:13:26,289 One of the little anecdotes here that the 404 00:13:26,290 --> 00:13:28,529 U.S. has is in theory, 405 00:13:28,530 --> 00:13:30,989 this is slightly less restrictive 406 00:13:30,990 --> 00:13:32,190 than the E.U. policy. 407 00:13:34,440 --> 00:13:35,789 One of the things that has happened in 408 00:13:35,790 --> 00:13:37,259 terms of chilling effects with this is a 409 00:13:37,260 --> 00:13:39,479 lot of people who would otherwise 410 00:13:39,480 --> 00:13:41,759 want to be circumventing 411 00:13:41,760 --> 00:13:44,039 this DRM decide not to because 412 00:13:44,040 --> 00:13:46,109 the risks are too high and the damages 413 00:13:46,110 --> 00:13:47,249 can be too punitive. 414 00:13:48,600 --> 00:13:50,669 In 2001, the EU got on board with the 415 00:13:50,670 --> 00:13:51,670 copyright directive. 416 00:13:53,550 --> 00:13:54,570 I heard a laugh, thanks. 417 00:13:55,620 --> 00:13:57,659 This ensures adequate legal protection 418 00:13:57,660 --> 00:14:01,109 against people doing a bunch of things 419 00:14:01,110 --> 00:14:03,949 for the purpose of circumvention. 420 00:14:03,950 --> 00:14:06,179 Right. So. So it's it's in a slightly 421 00:14:06,180 --> 00:14:08,519 different way highlighting what's illegal 422 00:14:08,520 --> 00:14:09,599 here. 423 00:14:09,600 --> 00:14:11,699 Right. But you're kind of allowed to do 424 00:14:11,700 --> 00:14:13,529 it sometimes in the same way you can with 425 00:14:13,530 --> 00:14:15,689 the DMCA, where 426 00:14:15,690 --> 00:14:18,329 if people are using it for 427 00:14:18,330 --> 00:14:20,459 non evil, evil, 428 00:14:20,460 --> 00:14:22,559 non-legal purposes, that's fine. 429 00:14:24,240 --> 00:14:25,409 Now, I want to talk about two case 430 00:14:25,410 --> 00:14:27,840 studies, attractors and web standards 431 00:14:29,070 --> 00:14:30,689 really quick. I think this is super cool 432 00:14:30,690 --> 00:14:31,859 and I think this is important to talk 433 00:14:31,860 --> 00:14:33,989 about. This was a radio made 434 00:14:33,990 --> 00:14:34,990 available 435 00:14:36,900 --> 00:14:38,499 in Germany in 1933. 436 00:14:38,500 --> 00:14:40,409 It had a limited number of stations that 437 00:14:40,410 --> 00:14:42,719 made it work or that it worked on 438 00:14:42,720 --> 00:14:43,939 this limited number of stations was 439 00:14:43,940 --> 00:14:46,289 actually because the dial would only 440 00:14:46,290 --> 00:14:48,359 click to certain 441 00:14:48,360 --> 00:14:49,469 frequencies. 442 00:14:49,470 --> 00:14:51,689 So it was really easier actually to take 443 00:14:51,690 --> 00:14:53,459 apart and to change that, but it was 444 00:14:53,460 --> 00:14:55,589 illegal to do so. 445 00:14:55,590 --> 00:14:56,999 I thought this was ridiculous and it made 446 00:14:57,000 --> 00:14:59,189 me angry. And then I saw this on 447 00:14:59,190 --> 00:15:01,289 Kickstarter where somebody did 448 00:15:01,290 --> 00:15:02,789 the same thing but made it even more 449 00:15:02,790 --> 00:15:05,339 ridiculous by putting another artificial 450 00:15:05,340 --> 00:15:07,529 restriction so you can only listen to one 451 00:15:07,530 --> 00:15:08,530 radio station. 452 00:15:10,050 --> 00:15:12,119 I propose that we think of this as 453 00:15:12,120 --> 00:15:14,339 just as device restrictions management, 454 00:15:14,340 --> 00:15:15,659 where we're creating these artificial 455 00:15:15,660 --> 00:15:17,129 barriers. 456 00:15:17,130 --> 00:15:18,659 You are free to make up your own backroad 457 00:15:18,660 --> 00:15:20,279 and for DRM. 458 00:15:20,280 --> 00:15:21,280 I did. 459 00:15:21,870 --> 00:15:23,399 So what I want you to understand from 460 00:15:23,400 --> 00:15:25,109 that is that DRM impacts the physical 461 00:15:25,110 --> 00:15:27,449 world. This is Karig. 462 00:15:27,450 --> 00:15:28,859 They make these automatic. 463 00:15:28,860 --> 00:15:30,299 It's this coffeemaker that uses these 464 00:15:30,300 --> 00:15:32,369 little pots of pre ground coffee. 465 00:15:32,370 --> 00:15:33,659 And they did a thing for a while there 466 00:15:33,660 --> 00:15:35,819 where they added DRM to it so 467 00:15:35,820 --> 00:15:37,889 that you could the machine would not 468 00:15:37,890 --> 00:15:39,329 work. The software on the machine would 469 00:15:39,330 --> 00:15:41,819 not work unless you were using 470 00:15:41,820 --> 00:15:43,529 a curry designed and sold. 471 00:15:43,530 --> 00:15:44,639 Little pod. 472 00:15:44,640 --> 00:15:45,640 I think they call them 473 00:15:46,820 --> 00:15:47,819 great. So now we're going to talk about 474 00:15:47,820 --> 00:15:48,959 tractors. 475 00:15:48,960 --> 00:15:50,519 Why tractors? 476 00:15:50,520 --> 00:15:52,409 I love vegetables. 477 00:15:52,410 --> 00:15:54,549 So I have a very deep personal investment 478 00:15:54,550 --> 00:15:56,969 in farmers being successful and providing 479 00:15:56,970 --> 00:15:57,970 me lots of vegetables. 480 00:15:59,160 --> 00:16:02,209 Also, tractors are really cool, 481 00:16:02,210 --> 00:16:04,229 right? They're like, really cool. 482 00:16:04,230 --> 00:16:05,230 Look at that thing. 483 00:16:10,730 --> 00:16:12,299 And we're going to talk about John Deere, 484 00:16:12,300 --> 00:16:13,979 specifically. The John Deere Flicker 485 00:16:13,980 --> 00:16:16,169 Group has more than 14000 486 00:16:16,170 --> 00:16:17,339 members. Right. 487 00:16:17,340 --> 00:16:19,499 So not only are tractors a big deal, John 488 00:16:19,500 --> 00:16:21,479 Deere has this following in, at least in 489 00:16:21,480 --> 00:16:23,579 the U.S. it's the standard. 490 00:16:23,580 --> 00:16:24,809 All right. 491 00:16:24,810 --> 00:16:27,369 So John Deere also requires. 492 00:16:27,370 --> 00:16:29,189 Buyers to accept this end user license 493 00:16:29,190 --> 00:16:31,019 agreement that disallows repair 494 00:16:31,020 --> 00:16:32,789 activities. 495 00:16:32,790 --> 00:16:34,529 So how does it disallow repair 496 00:16:34,530 --> 00:16:37,229 activities? Now that we have 497 00:16:37,230 --> 00:16:39,719 these computers, these scary computers 498 00:16:39,720 --> 00:16:41,789 and everything that have all this 499 00:16:41,790 --> 00:16:44,159 technology on them that are locked down 500 00:16:44,160 --> 00:16:46,349 in different ways, you need to have 501 00:16:46,350 --> 00:16:48,599 special devices to translate 502 00:16:48,600 --> 00:16:50,159 what the computer inside knows to 503 00:16:50,160 --> 00:16:52,259 something that, you know, in 504 00:16:52,260 --> 00:16:54,359 cases of farmers specifically, you'll 505 00:16:54,360 --> 00:16:56,369 see things like you have to hire repair 506 00:16:56,370 --> 00:16:57,869 person who might be expensive to come 507 00:16:57,870 --> 00:16:58,870 out. Talk about it. 508 00:17:01,630 --> 00:17:03,359 Right. So if you want to get your own 509 00:17:03,360 --> 00:17:05,279 device, it turns out it's not that 510 00:17:05,280 --> 00:17:06,449 expensive, but you're voiding your 511 00:17:06,450 --> 00:17:08,189 warranty when you're interacting with it. 512 00:17:08,190 --> 00:17:10,469 So this Yula in this particular case 513 00:17:10,470 --> 00:17:12,899 makes it so that you just can't repair 514 00:17:12,900 --> 00:17:13,900 your own tractor. 515 00:17:15,329 --> 00:17:16,919 This is made possible by a.. 516 00:17:16,920 --> 00:17:18,629 Circumvention laws. 517 00:17:18,630 --> 00:17:20,129 All right. So we have a.. 518 00:17:20,130 --> 00:17:21,779 Circumvention laws that were created to 519 00:17:21,780 --> 00:17:23,848 protect DRM, but they're actually 520 00:17:23,849 --> 00:17:25,588 infringing on other user freedoms, 521 00:17:25,589 --> 00:17:27,899 especially in response to technologies, 522 00:17:27,900 --> 00:17:28,900 physical technologies. 523 00:17:30,210 --> 00:17:31,919 John Deere has also in this protected 524 00:17:31,920 --> 00:17:33,989 itself from things like crop loss or your 525 00:17:33,990 --> 00:17:36,869 lost profits, because, 526 00:17:36,870 --> 00:17:39,149 you know, when there's 527 00:17:39,150 --> 00:17:40,919 a problem with the tractor, that's their 528 00:17:40,920 --> 00:17:42,509 fault. And that you can't fix because of 529 00:17:43,980 --> 00:17:45,149 something else that sort of fits into 530 00:17:45,150 --> 00:17:46,589 this is this idea of precision 531 00:17:46,590 --> 00:17:48,149 agriculture, which was designed around 532 00:17:48,150 --> 00:17:50,219 the concept of big data, 533 00:17:50,220 --> 00:17:51,569 and that when you're driving a tractor 534 00:17:51,570 --> 00:17:53,039 around, you're actually creating and 535 00:17:53,040 --> 00:17:55,109 generating and storing lots of data. 536 00:17:57,200 --> 00:17:58,619 There's a group called Farm Hack. 537 00:17:58,620 --> 00:17:59,819 This is a little shout out to them. 538 00:17:59,820 --> 00:18:00,779 I think they're super cool. 539 00:18:00,780 --> 00:18:02,879 They're all about creating, designing and 540 00:18:02,880 --> 00:18:05,069 sharing different kinds of farm equipment 541 00:18:05,070 --> 00:18:08,189 to get around these sorts of DRM issues. 542 00:18:08,190 --> 00:18:09,979 There's also Web standards. 543 00:18:09,980 --> 00:18:11,729 All right. Web standards are designed by 544 00:18:11,730 --> 00:18:13,859 the World Wide Web consortium. 545 00:18:13,860 --> 00:18:16,140 They're voted on by member organizations. 546 00:18:17,820 --> 00:18:19,289 Becoming a Mangrum member organization 547 00:18:19,290 --> 00:18:21,570 costs a lot of money in most cases. 548 00:18:22,930 --> 00:18:24,119 And those are the things that we're using 549 00:18:24,120 --> 00:18:26,489 to define how people are supposed to just 550 00:18:26,490 --> 00:18:28,619 design Web pages and supposed to 551 00:18:28,620 --> 00:18:30,929 share information with users 552 00:18:30,930 --> 00:18:32,009 of the Web. 553 00:18:32,010 --> 00:18:34,859 Right, dear. And became a Web standard. 554 00:18:34,860 --> 00:18:37,019 What this means for us as 555 00:18:37,020 --> 00:18:39,119 the people here, is that 556 00:18:39,120 --> 00:18:41,909 now DRM is a normalized technology. 557 00:18:41,910 --> 00:18:43,230 This happened pretty recently. 558 00:18:44,250 --> 00:18:45,449 And once something is a normalized 559 00:18:45,450 --> 00:18:47,909 technology, it's easier for people moving 560 00:18:47,910 --> 00:18:50,249 forward to justify 561 00:18:50,250 --> 00:18:51,539 creating even more restrictive 562 00:18:51,540 --> 00:18:52,540 technologies. 563 00:18:53,910 --> 00:18:55,769 And it has all the same downsides that we 564 00:18:55,770 --> 00:18:57,899 see in DRM and other places, even 565 00:18:57,900 --> 00:18:59,099 though it's on the Web. And you might 566 00:18:59,100 --> 00:19:01,349 think, well, the Web means 567 00:19:01,350 --> 00:19:02,729 I can only interact with it when it's 568 00:19:02,730 --> 00:19:04,979 online or well, the web 569 00:19:04,980 --> 00:19:07,379 is accessible and people can copy, text 570 00:19:07,380 --> 00:19:08,999 and do all these changes. 571 00:19:09,000 --> 00:19:10,199 So you can't. 572 00:19:10,200 --> 00:19:12,389 And a lot of cases when media especially 573 00:19:12,390 --> 00:19:13,390 is being locked down. 574 00:19:14,550 --> 00:19:15,550 So why does this matter? 575 00:19:17,220 --> 00:19:18,839 DRM on the Web matters because it 576 00:19:18,840 --> 00:19:20,459 requires giving up computing freedom. 577 00:19:20,460 --> 00:19:22,439 You're being forced to install somebody 578 00:19:22,440 --> 00:19:24,749 else's software on your own computer 579 00:19:24,750 --> 00:19:26,099 in order to do these things that you 580 00:19:26,100 --> 00:19:27,599 should be able to do otherwise. 581 00:19:28,770 --> 00:19:29,819 Where do we find here and where are the 582 00:19:29,820 --> 00:19:31,379 places that we can see it? 583 00:19:31,380 --> 00:19:33,479 Right. So if you want a humorous list, 584 00:19:33,480 --> 00:19:35,129 check out a Cory Doctorow talk. 585 00:19:35,130 --> 00:19:37,439 He gave a great one at Lieber Planet 586 00:19:37,440 --> 00:19:40,439 in twenty seventeen. 587 00:19:40,440 --> 00:19:42,540 He gave another one at the previous hope. 588 00:19:43,710 --> 00:19:45,689 Here's a an incomplete list of some 589 00:19:45,690 --> 00:19:48,359 depressing places we might find DRM 590 00:19:48,360 --> 00:19:50,009 or software locked down by anti 591 00:19:50,010 --> 00:19:51,839 circumvention laws, including such 592 00:19:51,840 --> 00:19:54,569 wonderful things as autonomous drones 593 00:19:54,570 --> 00:19:56,309 and medical implants. 594 00:19:56,310 --> 00:19:57,619 And my hotel room door 595 00:19:58,920 --> 00:20:00,539 DRM can be a life or death issue. 596 00:20:00,540 --> 00:20:01,959 I don't know if you read that whole list. 597 00:20:01,960 --> 00:20:04,049 If you did, I'm very impressed because 598 00:20:04,050 --> 00:20:05,879 one of the things affected is medical 599 00:20:05,880 --> 00:20:07,469 implants right 600 00:20:08,550 --> 00:20:10,649 on the audience 601 00:20:10,650 --> 00:20:11,729 left. That's Karen Sandler. 602 00:20:11,730 --> 00:20:12,869 That's Leslie Hawthorne. They're both 603 00:20:12,870 --> 00:20:14,399 wonderful people. This was taken at Falls 604 00:20:14,400 --> 00:20:15,990 Down by Deb Bryant. Thanks to Bryant. 605 00:20:17,340 --> 00:20:19,559 Karen Sandler is a free 606 00:20:19,560 --> 00:20:21,719 software user freedom activist who has 607 00:20:21,720 --> 00:20:23,189 a defibrillator. She has a medical 608 00:20:23,190 --> 00:20:24,779 implant in her heart. 609 00:20:24,780 --> 00:20:26,999 A little aside there, Dick Cheney 610 00:20:27,000 --> 00:20:28,979 also has a has a defibrillator in his 611 00:20:28,980 --> 00:20:31,079 heart. And when he was a 612 00:20:31,080 --> 00:20:33,299 vice president, the United States, 613 00:20:33,300 --> 00:20:35,609 the Wi-Fi, and it was turned off 614 00:20:35,610 --> 00:20:37,260 the Wi-Fi in Karen Sandler's heart. 615 00:20:39,480 --> 00:20:40,709 I think it's turned it. 616 00:20:40,710 --> 00:20:41,879 You should listen to her talk about it. 617 00:20:41,880 --> 00:20:43,179 She can. She can get into that more in 618 00:20:43,180 --> 00:20:44,129 depth. 619 00:20:44,130 --> 00:20:45,839 But the important part of her story in 620 00:20:45,840 --> 00:20:47,579 this case is when she was in her late 621 00:20:47,580 --> 00:20:49,199 30s, she was pregnant. 622 00:20:49,200 --> 00:20:50,369 And one of the things that happens when 623 00:20:50,370 --> 00:20:51,419 you're pregnant is you get heart 624 00:20:51,420 --> 00:20:52,799 palpitations. 625 00:20:52,800 --> 00:20:54,269 And when you have a device that's 626 00:20:54,270 --> 00:20:56,579 designed to shock old men, 627 00:20:56,580 --> 00:20:58,559 old Caucasian old white men in their 50s 628 00:20:58,560 --> 00:20:59,909 and 60s when they have heart 629 00:20:59,910 --> 00:21:02,009 palpitations, then suddenly you have this 630 00:21:02,010 --> 00:21:03,929 woman in her 30s who's getting shocked 631 00:21:03,930 --> 00:21:06,509 when she has heart palpitations. 632 00:21:06,510 --> 00:21:07,799 This is uncomfortable. 633 00:21:09,090 --> 00:21:11,459 It also uses the battery up more quickly, 634 00:21:11,460 --> 00:21:12,929 which means you have to get your battery 635 00:21:12,930 --> 00:21:15,059 replaced. And certainly the lifespan of 636 00:21:15,060 --> 00:21:16,979 10 years becomes a lifespan of much 637 00:21:16,980 --> 00:21:18,359 shorter. And then you find yourself 638 00:21:18,360 --> 00:21:20,729 needing to have heart surgery again, 639 00:21:20,730 --> 00:21:22,379 heart surgeries, invasive, however you 640 00:21:22,380 --> 00:21:23,380 cut it. 641 00:21:25,050 --> 00:21:26,369 We also see it in vehicles. 642 00:21:26,370 --> 00:21:27,379 Vehicles are very. 643 00:21:27,380 --> 00:21:29,029 Dangerous things, they kill lots of 644 00:21:29,030 --> 00:21:31,189 people when you don't have control 645 00:21:31,190 --> 00:21:33,539 of your vehicle, like there is 646 00:21:33,540 --> 00:21:35,359 a great little video anecdote I saw on 647 00:21:35,360 --> 00:21:37,549 the Internet of somebody like driving 648 00:21:37,550 --> 00:21:39,409 his car and then somebody else just like 649 00:21:39,410 --> 00:21:40,699 hacking into it and turning off his 650 00:21:40,700 --> 00:21:42,079 brakes, which sounds pretty scary to me. 651 00:21:43,160 --> 00:21:44,809 You also see it in CCTV 652 00:21:46,460 --> 00:21:48,589 when you have 653 00:21:48,590 --> 00:21:50,959 cops, for example, recording things 654 00:21:50,960 --> 00:21:54,349 or CCTV is closed circuit television. 655 00:21:54,350 --> 00:21:56,599 So you'll also see it in stores 656 00:21:56,600 --> 00:21:59,509 where you're generating 657 00:21:59,510 --> 00:22:01,789 video footage that can be used in a court 658 00:22:01,790 --> 00:22:03,319 of law against someone. 659 00:22:03,320 --> 00:22:04,969 If that video footage is locked down 660 00:22:04,970 --> 00:22:07,069 under DRM, then people can restrict 661 00:22:07,070 --> 00:22:08,959 your access to it to only be on their 662 00:22:08,960 --> 00:22:11,269 terms. And suddenly you have a legal team 663 00:22:11,270 --> 00:22:12,739 after you've been arrested that can't 664 00:22:12,740 --> 00:22:14,959 help defend you because it can't see what 665 00:22:14,960 --> 00:22:16,489 is being levied against you. 666 00:22:18,050 --> 00:22:19,849 There's also data in general. 667 00:22:19,850 --> 00:22:21,409 I don't know a lot about the data laws. 668 00:22:21,410 --> 00:22:22,669 They're very complex. 669 00:22:22,670 --> 00:22:23,869 But who owns your data? 670 00:22:23,870 --> 00:22:26,239 Who owns data about you? 671 00:22:26,240 --> 00:22:28,429 And who owns the information 672 00:22:28,430 --> 00:22:30,589 generated from that data is 673 00:22:30,590 --> 00:22:32,119 a very complicated question. 674 00:22:32,120 --> 00:22:33,709 And when you're talking about it, 675 00:22:33,710 --> 00:22:35,779 suddenly you realize that maybe you don't 676 00:22:35,780 --> 00:22:38,059 even you're not even able 677 00:22:38,060 --> 00:22:39,199 to access it. 678 00:22:39,200 --> 00:22:41,359 Maybe they would share it with you if you 679 00:22:41,360 --> 00:22:43,129 paid a large fee and only interacted with 680 00:22:43,130 --> 00:22:44,569 it on their terms. 681 00:22:44,570 --> 00:22:45,769 So what can you do? 682 00:22:45,770 --> 00:22:47,749 You can do things. You can make things 683 00:22:47,750 --> 00:22:49,909 right. So you guys can make devices. 684 00:22:49,910 --> 00:22:50,959 You can make media. 685 00:22:50,960 --> 00:22:52,969 You can make companies right. 686 00:22:52,970 --> 00:22:54,139 You can be a book publisher. 687 00:22:54,140 --> 00:22:56,479 And you can share and give and sell 688 00:22:56,480 --> 00:22:58,279 DRM free ebooks. 689 00:22:58,280 --> 00:22:59,179 And that's amazing. 690 00:22:59,180 --> 00:23:01,009 You can be an artist who makes DRM free 691 00:23:01,010 --> 00:23:02,149 music. 692 00:23:02,150 --> 00:23:03,559 You can make an organization or a 693 00:23:03,560 --> 00:23:04,519 nonprofit. 694 00:23:04,520 --> 00:23:05,809 You can make things together. 695 00:23:07,010 --> 00:23:08,119 You can make communities that are 696 00:23:08,120 --> 00:23:10,609 dedicated to working around DRM. 697 00:23:10,610 --> 00:23:12,769 You can make policy and 698 00:23:12,770 --> 00:23:14,989 tell everyone the most important 699 00:23:14,990 --> 00:23:17,209 thing you can do with any issue, 700 00:23:17,210 --> 00:23:19,369 any cause you care about is tell 701 00:23:19,370 --> 00:23:21,349 every single person you know. 702 00:23:21,350 --> 00:23:23,089 Someone once gave me great advice saying 703 00:23:23,090 --> 00:23:25,039 that there's no wrong place to talk about 704 00:23:25,040 --> 00:23:26,209 free software. 705 00:23:26,210 --> 00:23:27,619 And it turns out there isn't. 706 00:23:27,620 --> 00:23:29,209 I talk about it with my doctors. 707 00:23:29,210 --> 00:23:31,939 I talk about it with my taxi drivers. 708 00:23:31,940 --> 00:23:33,589 I talk about it with a woman who cuts my 709 00:23:33,590 --> 00:23:34,909 hair. 710 00:23:34,910 --> 00:23:37,129 I talk about it with my parents. 711 00:23:37,130 --> 00:23:39,319 I talked about it at Prete Creek, pre, 712 00:23:39,320 --> 00:23:41,389 pre, pre Christmas dinner 713 00:23:41,390 --> 00:23:43,039 at a friend's house around the kitchen 714 00:23:43,040 --> 00:23:45,229 table, which was so great, 715 00:23:45,230 --> 00:23:46,459 you know, and that's how you get people 716 00:23:46,460 --> 00:23:47,959 to care. You find these compelling 717 00:23:47,960 --> 00:23:50,269 stories and you tell them you find your 718 00:23:50,270 --> 00:23:52,429 story or you find someone like Karen 719 00:23:52,430 --> 00:23:55,009 Sandler who has a great story, or you 720 00:23:55,010 --> 00:23:57,139 find somebody who has accessibility 721 00:23:57,140 --> 00:23:59,209 issues, or you find somebody else in your 722 00:23:59,210 --> 00:24:01,369 life who needs to have DRM free 723 00:24:01,370 --> 00:24:02,929 media, who needs these are anti 724 00:24:02,930 --> 00:24:05,719 circumvention laws to not exist. 725 00:24:05,720 --> 00:24:06,909 You can also organize. 726 00:24:06,910 --> 00:24:08,749 There are so many actions we can take as 727 00:24:08,750 --> 00:24:10,309 individuals or as groups. 728 00:24:10,310 --> 00:24:12,499 We can talk to people on 729 00:24:12,500 --> 00:24:14,749 individuals. We can talk to politicians. 730 00:24:14,750 --> 00:24:17,089 We can talk to 731 00:24:17,090 --> 00:24:18,679 other types of policymakers. 732 00:24:18,680 --> 00:24:19,789 We can talk to nonprofits. 733 00:24:19,790 --> 00:24:22,069 We can talk to companies who were buying 734 00:24:22,070 --> 00:24:23,359 things from we can talk to people who are 735 00:24:23,360 --> 00:24:24,439 using DRM. 736 00:24:24,440 --> 00:24:26,119 Right. And you can do this by yourself, 737 00:24:26,120 --> 00:24:27,469 but it's so much more powerful and 738 00:24:27,470 --> 00:24:28,939 effective when we take these actions 739 00:24:28,940 --> 00:24:30,019 together in groups. 740 00:24:31,280 --> 00:24:32,239 Thank you. 741 00:24:32,240 --> 00:24:34,969 I'd like to make some quick acknowledgments 742 00:24:34,970 --> 00:24:36,649 here, some people who I would like to 743 00:24:36,650 --> 00:24:38,419 thank in various ways. 744 00:24:38,420 --> 00:24:40,819 I'm going to highlight the Congress 745 00:24:40,820 --> 00:24:43,039 organizing team for inviting me here 746 00:24:43,040 --> 00:24:44,839 and all of you for coming to this 747 00:24:44,840 --> 00:24:45,769 particular talk. Wow. 748 00:24:45,770 --> 00:24:47,179 I can suddenly see you there, a lot of 749 00:24:47,180 --> 00:24:48,180 you. 750 00:24:48,380 --> 00:24:49,519 I'd like to thank the Free Software 751 00:24:49,520 --> 00:24:50,989 Foundation for giving me so much. 752 00:24:50,990 --> 00:24:52,579 And the members and supporters of the 753 00:24:52,580 --> 00:24:54,649 FSF, we're an organization 754 00:24:54,650 --> 00:24:56,839 that's predominantly funded by small 755 00:24:56,840 --> 00:24:59,449 donations and membership fees. 756 00:24:59,450 --> 00:25:01,159 And because those things happen, I get to 757 00:25:01,160 --> 00:25:02,869 spend all of my time thinking about 758 00:25:02,870 --> 00:25:04,999 issues related to user freedom, 759 00:25:05,000 --> 00:25:06,649 related to DRM and related to anti 760 00:25:06,650 --> 00:25:08,329 circumvention laws. 761 00:25:08,330 --> 00:25:09,499 And I think that's really great. 762 00:25:09,500 --> 00:25:10,759 And that helps me come to places like 763 00:25:10,760 --> 00:25:12,379 this to talk to all of you about it. 764 00:25:12,380 --> 00:25:13,879 Hopefully you're you'll go forth and talk 765 00:25:13,880 --> 00:25:15,049 to more people. 766 00:25:15,050 --> 00:25:16,489 I might also like to thank everyone out 767 00:25:16,490 --> 00:25:18,439 there who works hard to fight DRM and 768 00:25:18,440 --> 00:25:20,409 support user freedom every day. 769 00:25:20,410 --> 00:25:22,339 I'm going to assume that as my friends, 770 00:25:22,340 --> 00:25:23,539 all of you are doing this. 771 00:25:23,540 --> 00:25:24,859 And so thank you so much. 772 00:25:35,490 --> 00:25:37,709 This is just a quote I like, 773 00:25:37,710 --> 00:25:39,569 and there's my e-mail address and my 774 00:25:39,570 --> 00:25:40,890 status net and my Twitter 775 00:25:42,450 --> 00:25:44,450 thanks. 776 00:25:48,980 --> 00:25:51,109 If you have questions, I'll make 777 00:25:51,110 --> 00:25:52,519 a quick request that if there's anyone 778 00:25:52,520 --> 00:25:53,959 here who has never asked a question 779 00:25:53,960 --> 00:25:56,509 before or somebody who identifies 780 00:25:56,510 --> 00:25:58,519 as a woman or non binary individual, you 781 00:25:58,520 --> 00:25:59,809 go up to the mike if you have a question 782 00:25:59,810 --> 00:26:00,769 and put yourself in the front. 783 00:26:00,770 --> 00:26:01,819 You can totally cut the line. 784 00:26:04,370 --> 00:26:05,370 All right. 785 00:26:07,650 --> 00:26:09,329 So we start with microphone number three, 786 00:26:09,330 --> 00:26:10,330 please. 787 00:26:12,190 --> 00:26:13,750 Thank you all for this talk. 788 00:26:15,070 --> 00:26:17,409 So you said during your presentation 789 00:26:17,410 --> 00:26:19,599 that DRM solves some problems 790 00:26:19,600 --> 00:26:22,359 and that there are basically 791 00:26:22,360 --> 00:26:24,459 no real repercussions for not 792 00:26:24,460 --> 00:26:25,479 using DRM. 793 00:26:25,480 --> 00:26:27,639 And of course, I agree. 794 00:26:27,640 --> 00:26:29,589 I just want to hear more because I'm 795 00:26:29,590 --> 00:26:30,970 interested in this subject. 796 00:26:32,500 --> 00:26:34,749 So we have a question about why 797 00:26:34,750 --> 00:26:38,049 there are no repercussions for using DRM 798 00:26:38,050 --> 00:26:40,149 from the perspective of the 799 00:26:40,150 --> 00:26:42,579 person who's implementing it. 800 00:26:42,580 --> 00:26:43,839 There are some studies on that. 801 00:26:43,840 --> 00:26:45,969 One of the things looked at frequently is 802 00:26:45,970 --> 00:26:48,189 financial loss, whether 803 00:26:48,190 --> 00:26:49,749 or not selling a piece of media with or 804 00:26:49,750 --> 00:26:52,029 without DRM matters 805 00:26:52,030 --> 00:26:54,159 to the actual profits being made. 806 00:26:54,160 --> 00:26:55,629 This is a very practical argument. 807 00:26:55,630 --> 00:26:57,159 I like to focus on arguments that are 808 00:26:57,160 --> 00:26:59,319 generally based around rights, which 809 00:26:59,320 --> 00:27:01,239 I didn't really bring up earlier. 810 00:27:01,240 --> 00:27:03,309 If you'd like to later, I can look up 811 00:27:03,310 --> 00:27:04,599 some things and send them to you that 812 00:27:04,600 --> 00:27:06,579 talk more in-depth about this sort of 813 00:27:06,580 --> 00:27:08,889 stuff. I know most people are compelled 814 00:27:08,890 --> 00:27:10,659 by stories and not numbers. 815 00:27:10,660 --> 00:27:12,339 I'm personally compelled by numbers. 816 00:27:14,410 --> 00:27:16,629 Thanks. Microphone number two, please. 817 00:27:16,630 --> 00:27:18,969 All right. I do a music 818 00:27:18,970 --> 00:27:21,039 research into popular music and 819 00:27:21,040 --> 00:27:23,349 I've purchased audio files 820 00:27:23,350 --> 00:27:25,149 which are disarmed in the past and got 821 00:27:25,150 --> 00:27:28,209 victim by not being able to use 822 00:27:28,210 --> 00:27:29,649 using them later on. 823 00:27:29,650 --> 00:27:31,959 But then again, I'm in contact 824 00:27:31,960 --> 00:27:34,059 with many musicians who've basically 825 00:27:34,060 --> 00:27:36,129 lost their source of life because of 826 00:27:36,130 --> 00:27:38,199 the old model of playing concerts and 827 00:27:38,200 --> 00:27:39,159 selling cities. 828 00:27:39,160 --> 00:27:40,239 Doesn't work anymore. 829 00:27:40,240 --> 00:27:42,669 And also, no one is willing to play for 830 00:27:42,670 --> 00:27:44,919 music or pay for music except 831 00:27:44,920 --> 00:27:46,719 first on streaming services. 832 00:27:46,720 --> 00:27:49,089 So I thought the 833 00:27:49,090 --> 00:27:51,579 protecting model of, 834 00:27:51,580 --> 00:27:54,099 for example, three WME audio 835 00:27:54,100 --> 00:27:56,559 was actually a fair idea. 836 00:27:56,560 --> 00:27:58,659 And I was surprised that 837 00:27:58,660 --> 00:28:00,039 it disappeared out of nothing. 838 00:28:00,040 --> 00:28:01,869 I think about half a year ago. 839 00:28:01,870 --> 00:28:03,939 So what would you what 840 00:28:03,940 --> 00:28:06,099 would be your argument for 841 00:28:06,100 --> 00:28:08,289 those who are actually doing creative 842 00:28:08,290 --> 00:28:10,959 work and expect some sort of 843 00:28:10,960 --> 00:28:11,960 material, 844 00:28:15,080 --> 00:28:17,169 more money arriving at their end 845 00:28:17,170 --> 00:28:19,239 if you don't have this option anymore? 846 00:28:19,240 --> 00:28:20,409 Sure. 847 00:28:20,410 --> 00:28:22,749 So the question is about whether we 848 00:28:22,750 --> 00:28:24,249 wake what kind of arguments can we make 849 00:28:24,250 --> 00:28:27,189 to artists who have lost other 850 00:28:27,190 --> 00:28:29,349 moneymaking opportunities? 851 00:28:29,350 --> 00:28:30,429 Specifically musicians. 852 00:28:30,430 --> 00:28:31,430 In this case, 853 00:28:32,730 --> 00:28:33,939 I am not an artist. 854 00:28:33,940 --> 00:28:35,949 I know a little bit from having talked to 855 00:28:35,950 --> 00:28:36,950 some of them. 856 00:28:37,750 --> 00:28:40,119 I think more people pay for music than 857 00:28:40,120 --> 00:28:42,459 we give them credit for. 858 00:28:42,460 --> 00:28:43,689 You would know more about this than I 859 00:28:43,690 --> 00:28:45,459 would because you're the expert here and 860 00:28:45,460 --> 00:28:47,559 I'm not. I've mostly anick data 861 00:28:47,560 --> 00:28:49,359 around the issue. 862 00:28:49,360 --> 00:28:51,459 I like I said, I generally focus 863 00:28:51,460 --> 00:28:53,169 on really rights driven issues. 864 00:28:53,170 --> 00:28:55,929 I focus on the importance 865 00:28:55,930 --> 00:28:58,119 of interacting 866 00:28:58,120 --> 00:29:00,399 with a society that respects like 867 00:29:00,400 --> 00:29:02,049 that respects not just the people 868 00:29:02,050 --> 00:29:03,279 listening to music, but the people 869 00:29:03,280 --> 00:29:05,769 creating the music that respects 870 00:29:05,770 --> 00:29:07,300 the music being created. 871 00:29:08,410 --> 00:29:09,759 You know, I'm in a band and I'm very 872 00:29:09,760 --> 00:29:12,219 lucky that with my band we 873 00:29:12,220 --> 00:29:15,009 not only really stream free media, 874 00:29:15,010 --> 00:29:17,359 we also do it under 875 00:29:17,360 --> 00:29:19,569 a free license. 876 00:29:19,570 --> 00:29:21,519 And we do that because we believe that 877 00:29:21,520 --> 00:29:22,899 it's very important. We actually think we 878 00:29:22,900 --> 00:29:24,309 make just about as much money as we would 879 00:29:24,310 --> 00:29:26,170 otherwise. But that's a unique case. 880 00:29:27,610 --> 00:29:28,569 That's not much of an answer. 881 00:29:28,570 --> 00:29:29,570 And I'm sorry. 882 00:29:32,480 --> 00:29:34,099 OK. Microphone number one, please. 883 00:29:35,150 --> 00:29:37,249 So I understand that as 884 00:29:37,250 --> 00:29:39,839 a user or consumer or maybe even 885 00:29:39,840 --> 00:29:42,019 as a hacker, there's benefits for me of 886 00:29:42,020 --> 00:29:44,139 not having DRM on media or on a 887 00:29:44,140 --> 00:29:46,639 key. And if I understand you correctly, 888 00:29:46,640 --> 00:29:48,079 you don't think that for these so-called 889 00:29:48,080 --> 00:29:50,179 price holders there's any benefit 890 00:29:50,180 --> 00:29:52,309 in DRM either if there's no 891 00:29:52,310 --> 00:29:54,019 benefit? Why are they doing it? 892 00:29:54,020 --> 00:29:56,869 Control capitalism, greed. 893 00:29:56,870 --> 00:29:58,879 Pick a choice. So there's a benefit? 894 00:29:58,880 --> 00:30:00,559 I think there's a perceived benefit. 895 00:30:00,560 --> 00:30:02,359 I think a lot of people have a fear that 896 00:30:02,360 --> 00:30:04,579 they don't when they don't understand 897 00:30:04,580 --> 00:30:06,199 what's actually happening in the world. 898 00:30:06,200 --> 00:30:08,329 I think there's a fear and a thought 899 00:30:08,330 --> 00:30:10,489 that if we just keep making more and more 900 00:30:10,490 --> 00:30:12,979 restrictive technologies, 901 00:30:12,980 --> 00:30:15,049 eventually it might work. 902 00:30:15,050 --> 00:30:16,459 There's also a lot of people who don't 903 00:30:16,460 --> 00:30:19,159 trust researchers and research. 904 00:30:19,160 --> 00:30:21,349 We're not a society that respects 905 00:30:21,350 --> 00:30:22,819 us expertize very well. 906 00:30:23,830 --> 00:30:26,209 OK. It'll be great to see some some 907 00:30:26,210 --> 00:30:27,999 actual research to get access. 908 00:30:28,000 --> 00:30:28,849 Yeah. 909 00:30:28,850 --> 00:30:30,979 This is I don't have it off the top of my 910 00:30:30,980 --> 00:30:31,980 head. 911 00:30:32,840 --> 00:30:34,009 OK, one last question. 912 00:30:34,010 --> 00:30:35,959 Microphone number two, please. 913 00:30:35,960 --> 00:30:38,179 So this greed's and 914 00:30:38,180 --> 00:30:40,429 this control, I think 915 00:30:40,430 --> 00:30:42,139 for a company you have a really economic 916 00:30:42,140 --> 00:30:44,509 incentive to actually implement 917 00:30:44,510 --> 00:30:46,579 DRM software because 918 00:30:46,580 --> 00:30:48,769 this control going to 919 00:30:48,770 --> 00:30:50,989 the the economy and also 920 00:30:50,990 --> 00:30:52,789 provides the vendor looking. 921 00:30:52,790 --> 00:30:54,859 So making 922 00:30:54,860 --> 00:30:57,109 DRM DRM free software 923 00:30:57,110 --> 00:30:59,419 or making burum free content, 924 00:30:59,420 --> 00:31:01,939 I don't see how this would 925 00:31:01,940 --> 00:31:04,429 impact the economic incentive 926 00:31:04,430 --> 00:31:06,859 for companies to actually implement 927 00:31:06,860 --> 00:31:07,999 this DRM. 928 00:31:08,000 --> 00:31:10,159 Is there a way that we can, like, 929 00:31:10,160 --> 00:31:12,319 punish companies that implement 930 00:31:12,320 --> 00:31:13,320 DRM? 931 00:31:13,970 --> 00:31:15,289 Is there a way that we can punish 932 00:31:15,290 --> 00:31:16,969 companies that implement DRM? 933 00:31:16,970 --> 00:31:18,109 I heard some clapping. You guys want to 934 00:31:18,110 --> 00:31:19,110 clap for that? 935 00:31:20,870 --> 00:31:22,709 I mean, especially in the economic. 936 00:31:22,710 --> 00:31:23,710 Yeah. 937 00:31:24,170 --> 00:31:26,269 The things that people do 938 00:31:26,270 --> 00:31:28,489 usually is they they vote with their feet 939 00:31:28,490 --> 00:31:29,689 or they vote with their wallets. 940 00:31:29,690 --> 00:31:30,869 That's the phrasing. 941 00:31:30,870 --> 00:31:32,479 I talk to companies. 942 00:31:32,480 --> 00:31:33,529 Right. To them. 943 00:31:33,530 --> 00:31:34,909 I know that can be really hard. 944 00:31:34,910 --> 00:31:36,349 Find somebody within the company who 945 00:31:36,350 --> 00:31:37,639 agrees with you. 946 00:31:37,640 --> 00:31:38,809 They usually exist. 947 00:31:38,810 --> 00:31:40,459 And over time they can build coalitions 948 00:31:40,460 --> 00:31:42,859 of people there, build coalitions outside 949 00:31:42,860 --> 00:31:45,289 of this and talk to organizations, 950 00:31:45,290 --> 00:31:47,059 talk to the companies that are 951 00:31:47,060 --> 00:31:49,069 implementing DRM, help them understand 952 00:31:49,070 --> 00:31:50,899 what's not effective and what is 953 00:31:50,900 --> 00:31:52,399 effective, but also just help them 954 00:31:52,400 --> 00:31:53,869 understand that, you know, we're talking 955 00:31:53,870 --> 00:31:55,609 about money. But money isn't the issue 956 00:31:55,610 --> 00:31:56,989 here and it's not the question we should 957 00:31:56,990 --> 00:31:57,979 be talking about. 958 00:31:57,980 --> 00:31:59,779 Well, we should be talking about is what 959 00:31:59,780 --> 00:32:01,579 are the responsibilities of people 960 00:32:01,580 --> 00:32:03,709 creating and owning this 961 00:32:03,710 --> 00:32:06,739 ephemeral concept of materials 962 00:32:06,740 --> 00:32:08,869 to you and to everyone else 963 00:32:08,870 --> 00:32:10,109 and to society at large. 964 00:32:12,470 --> 00:32:13,789 OK, thanks. 965 00:32:13,790 --> 00:32:15,679 So unfortunately, run and we run out of 966 00:32:15,680 --> 00:32:17,629 time, so there's no more time for 967 00:32:17,630 --> 00:32:19,789 questions, please. 968 00:32:19,790 --> 00:32:21,979 Yeah. Stay here, stay 969 00:32:21,980 --> 00:32:24,059 seated and give a nut a 970 00:32:24,060 --> 00:32:25,640 round of warm applause to Molly.